The Pillage of Rome (The Play)

-Written by Lorient Montaner

(Contents)

Dramatis Personae ix.

ACT I

ACT II

ACT III

ACT IV

ACT V

Dramatis Personae

HONORIUS–The Roman Emperor of the Western Empire

ALARIC–The king of the Visigoths

ATAULF–The brother-in-law of Alaric

POPE INNOCENT I–The Pope of Rome

ATTALUS–A Roman usurper

JOVIUS–The praetorian prefect of Italy

HERACLIAN–The governor of the province of Africa

OLYMPIUS–The magister officiorum

LIVIANUS–A minister of Honorius

CAELIUS–A Roman Senator

HILARIUS–A Roman Senator

GAIUS–A Roman Senator

DOMITIUS–A Roman Senator

VIDERIC–A warrior of Alaric

HELDEBALD–A warrior of Alaric

GALLA PLACIDIA–The paternal half-sister of Emperors Arcadius and Honorius

PELAGIUS–A Roman monk from Britain who witnessed the siege of Rome

ENVOY–A diplomat

THE EUNUCHS–Male servants

The scenes take place in Ravenna and Rome, in the years AD 409 and 410.

ACT I

SCENE I

At the court of the Imperial Palace in Ravenna.

An envoy from the Senate has arrived to speak to Emperor Honorius.

ENVOY

Emperor, I thank thee for accepting my visit and granting my petition to appear before thee at court. I come on behalf of the members of the Senate in Rome, who have despatched me.

HONORIUS

I am a busy emperor and, regrettably, all my time is consumed with the administration of the Roman Empire. What precisely is the aim of the Senate in Rome?

ENVOY

The Senate would encourage thee, Emperor, to come to terms with the Goths and to offer Roman aristocratic children as hostages, as assurance of our compliance.

HONORIUS

Now that I am apprised of the Senate’s intention, let me respond by asking: what benefit doth I gain from this visible acquiescence? Have the members of the Senate forgotten that the Goths have repeatedly broken their treaties? Their words are more perilous than their foolhardy actions.

ENVOY

Verily, I believe that through appeasement, we could avoid another siege of the city of Rome, noble Emperor.

HONORIUS

Rome, thou utterest is naught but a fading vestige of the reverence once held for ancient emperors.

ENVOY

Perhaps! Nevertheless, thou hast a duty to protect the city from the contemptible Goths.

HONORIUS

The Goths have rebelled, looted, and pillaged throughout the eastern Balkans. Why should they now desist, having already laid siege to venerable Rome?

ENVOY

Forsooth! But the Senate’s intent is to avoid, at all costs, the sacking of the city once more.

HONORIUS

And naturally, the senators consider the welfare of the citizens of Rome—when their own interests are suddenly imperilled.

ENVOY

Thou knowest, Emperor, that the city of Rome cannot endure another barbaric assault from the Goths. ’Twould be perceived as an utter sign of weakness on our part.

HONORIUS

’Twould be more a sign of weakness if we allowed the Goths to presume superiority over us.

ENVOY

Would it not be prudent, Emperor, not to provoke the Goths so transparently?

HONORIUS

What art thou insinuating?

ENVOY

I am merely stating that we have not yet rid ourselves of them, nor of their erratic behaviour.

HONORIUS

The Goths are not to be trusted, especially when attempting to reason with them.

ENVOY

I concur, Emperor, but time is precious, and we must prepare for the possible recurrence of the sack of Rome. The members of the Senate remain at thy service to preserve the Empire.

HONORIUS

And I, the Emperor? Have the senators forgotten their young emperor in Ravenna?

ENVOY

Of course not! Why dost thou voice such a disquieting reproach against us?

HONORIUS

I have the impression that the Senate doeth not regard mine authority with the reverence it merits.

ENVOY

I would respectfully suggest, Emperor, that thou art in need of the Senate—as the Senate is of thee.

HONORIUS

Then return to the senators in Rome and inform them that I shall not be swayed to grant their petitions without the Pope’s consent.

SCENE II

In one of the halls of the Imperial Court.

Honorius has summoned Olympius to discuss the envoy’s visit.

OLYMPIUS

Emperor, I came as swiftly as I could! What hast prompted this sudden urgency?

HONORIUS

I summoned thee to speak of the envoy sent by the Senate.

OLYMPIUS

What are the senators demanding now?

HONORIUS

It seemeth the senators wish me to grant further concessions to the odious Goths.

OLYMPIUS

May I ask—what specific concessions?

HONORIUS

That is of no importance! It is the sheer audacity of Alaric that hath most vexed me.

OLYMPIUS

Then what dost thou intend to do?

HONORIUS

I shall declare war upon the perfidious Goths!

OLYMPIUS

Forgive me, Emperor, but art thou aware of the gravity of such a bold proclamation?

HONORIUS

Indeed, I am! That is my justification for seeking the eradication of Alaric and his followers. Thou wert appointed magister officiorum, replacing Stilicho in the line of succession. I am aware of thy disdain for the Goths and thy obsession with purging Stilicho’s former supporters.

OLYMPIUS

Truly, I am honoured by such a noble position in thy government. What dost thou require of me?

HONORIUS

For now, only thy obedience! Thou shalt rid the Empire of all allied barbarian foederati soldiers and their families residing in Roman cities. Is that clearly understood?

OLYMPIUS

Aye, my Emperor!

HONORIUS

Excellent! Then I shall await tidings of the elimination of these vulgar miscreants.

OLYMPIUS

By all means, the task shall be accomplished shortly.

HONORIUS

Do not fail me, Olympius! I granted thee great power—but I can as readily revoke it, without warning or justification.

OLYMPIUS

I shall never forget that natural distinction, Emperor!

HONORIUS

If thou remain loyal, Olympius, I shall reward thee generously in due time.

OLYMPIUS

I shall offer thee my loyalty unconditionally.

HONORIUS

Thou art dismissed! I must attend to other matters. Before thou goest, know that I have despatched Valens to hinder the Goths’ advance from Noricum.

SCENE III.

Outside the city of Noricum.

Alaric has been informed of the Roman campaign against the Goths. He speaks with his second-in-command, Videric.

ALARIC.

Art thou certain that no further Roman legions have been sighted in the surrounding area?

VIDERIC.

None have been observed, my lord. Our surviving men report that the Roman leading the campaign is named Olympius.

ALARIC.

I know of him well, and I know the Romans better still — they shall not cease until we are utterly destroyed.

VIDERIC.

What course shall we now take, my king?

ALARIC.

I shall demand of Honorius hostages, gold, and permission for our people to settle in Pannonia.

VIDERIC.

And if he refuseth to grant these demands?

ALARIC.

Then we shall invade Rome ere long!

VIDERIC.

Shall the Romans truly allow Rome to be invaded once more?

ALARIC.

The better question is — shall we be compelled to sack Rome not twice, but thrice?

VIDERIC.

Is it possible the Romans prepare even now to strike again, luring us into some hidden trap?

ALARIC.

Perhaps. Then we shall await their ambush and be ready.

VIDERIC.

Our people are weary of the broken promises made by the Romans.

ALARIC.

Tell them that the Romans shall soon yield to our demands. They must place their trust in my earnest words of faith and troth.

VIDERIC.

Thou art their leader, and they shall follow thee to Rome or Ravenna if need be, my king.

ALARIC.

I doubt not their loyalty nor their devotion, yet we must proceed with great caution.

VIDERIC.

They shall march with glory in their hearts and spirits!

ALARIC.

I know Honorius as I knew his father and brother. Though he cannot be trusted, he fears the Goths. I was once the magister militum per Illyricum.

VIDERIC.

Yet thou wert betrayed in the end by the Romans.

ALARIC.

Aye. But let this be the last betrayal I suffer at their hands.

VIDERIC.

The people see thee as our leader — and a valiant king.

SCENE IV.

In the Senate building in Rome.

The Senate has received word of Alaric’s approach. Several prominent senators have gathered to discuss the Gothic threat and hear the report of their envoy.

CAELIUS.

What response hath the young emperor made to our petition?

ENVOY.

I regret to inform you, noble senator, that the emperor intendeth to wage war against the Goths.

GAIUS.

Are we to understand, then, that the emperor hath chosen war against the terrifying Goths?

ENVOY.

Aye. That is the message he made most clear.

HILARIUS.

What rash reason compeleth him to such haste in declaring war upon these savage foes?

ENVOY.

Alas, the emperor did not disclose his chief motive to me.

The envoy is dismissed. The three senators continue in private.

CAELIUS.

The emperor’s reckless urgency is deeply troubling.

GAIUS.

I know not who is the more impetuous — he or Alaric.

HILARIUS.

Honorius, by virtue of his inexperience, may doom us to the ruinous weight of the Vandals, Suebi, Alans, and Visigoths.

CAELIUS.

Let us hope it come not to that. Yet we must recognise the might of the Goths. Recent events remind us never to underestimate their vengeance.

GAIUS.

How then are we to thwart their relentless wrath?

HILARIUS.

Simply put, we must persuade the emperor that the sacking of Rome shall ensure the complete collapse of the Western Empire.

GAIUS.

And if that faileth to convince him, what then is to be our next recourse?

CAELIUS.

Reluctantly, we must involve the Pope.

GAIUS.

What dost thou mean by involving the Pope?

HILARIUS.

Why would the Pope be willing to entreat with the emperor?

CAELIUS.

Because the Pope’s very authority is imperilled by the imminent arrival of the Goths at Rome.

HILARIUS.

But surely the Pope may strike his own accord with the Goths?

CAELIUS.

True, yet he is mindful of the instability in the empire. If Honorius appeareth even more feeble in the eyes of the Goths, it signaleth grave weakness in Roman strength and dignity.

HILARIUS.

Alaric’s havoc in Epirus and the untimely death of Arcadius still haunteth us as signs of the cruel nature of the Gothic king. A vast tribute may be our only recourse.

HILARIUS.

Alaric is no fool. He may be placated with treasure or new lands.

CAELIUS.

For now, my foremost concern lieth not with him, but with the irrational temper of the emperor.

SCENE V.

At the basilica in Rome.

The Pope has received a letter from the Senate informing him of the imminent peril of the Goths to Rome. He has summoned Caelius to appear before him.

POPE INNOCENT I.

I was surprised by that letter, and more by the fact that thou hast deemed this threat of the Goths a most grievous matter to address. That is the chief reason I have summoned thee today, Senator.

CAELIUS.

Then thou knowest of our mutual interest—to convince the Emperor of a necessary treaty with the Goths.

POPE INNOCENT I.

Why should this concern the Papacy, since I can easily escape the city, Senator?

CAELIUS.

With all due respect, my noble lord, if we allow the Goths to pillage Rome anew, then the end of our great civilisation and ancestral empire shall surely come. The Catholic Church too is at risk of perishing!

POPE INNOCENT I.

Art thou not exaggerating somewhat? The Roman Empire hath survived barbarians before, and it shall continue to exist in some form. As for the Church, it can survive beyond the bounds of Rome.

CAELIUS.

I would respectfully dispute that assertion!

POPE INNOCENT I.

Then be frank in thine objection, so that I may truly understand thy words clearly!

CAELIUS.

As we converse here, the Goths are scheming to enter Rome as an enemy force. Hast thou forgotten what Alaric is capable of? Hast thou forgotten his savage plundering of the Eastern Empire—the Greek cities of Piraeus, Corinth, Argos, and Sparta?

POPE INNOCENT I.

The Goths can be reasoned with. They are not untamed savages when political office is granted them. Alaric was once a general in the Roman legions. Thus, the Emperor may be reasoned with as well.

CAELIUS.

That is precisely why I sensed that such an argument would be better received by thee than by the members of the Senate.

POPE INNOCENT I.

Thy point is understood. If I must be the messenger of that proposal, then I shall gladly assist in that important endeavour.

CAELIUS.

I knew thou wouldst grasp the dire predicament with which Rome is now confronted.

POPE INNOCENT I.

Indeed, there is a shared interest between the Senate and the Papacy—defeating the Goths.

CAELIUS.

I would hope that this common interest, as thou hast professed, might be extended to other matters of importance as well.

POPE INNOCENT I.

I am hopeful that it shall be so, in time.

CAELIUS.

We have a common foe—that is Alaric and his untamed Goths. Whatever differences exist between the Emperor and ourselves must be set aside for now.

POPE INNOCENT I.

I am in full agreement with that analogy.

CAELIUS.

Stilicho governed the Western Empire effectively and was able to control the Goths, and in particular, Alaric.

POPE INNOCENT I.

But Stilicho is dead. He was undoubtedly more adept as a politician than as a general.

CAELIUS.

When Alaric marched into Epirus, Stilicho failed to dispatch him.

POPE INNOCENT I.

True. Nevertheless, the Emperor had Stilicho executed in Ravenna—without hesitation.

CAELIUS.

We must do what we can to persuade the Emperor not to go to war with Alaric and the Goths.

SCENE VI.

At Ariminum.

Alaric and his Visigoths sack the city and continue their march southward towards Rome. A warrior of the Goths approaches his king. His name is Heldebald.

HELDEBALD.

Shall the Romans continue to offer such passive resistance as they have in these cities we have conquered, my king?

ALARIC.

I have learnt well from my time amongst them—they are an aristocratic people, proud of their long history and legacy.

HELDEBALD.

I fear the Romans shall never allow our people to live beside them in true peace and harmony.

ALARIC.

I believe in but one thing—that our kingdom shall, one day soon, be an independent nation of Gothic brethren.

HELDEBALD.

I hope that, as a Visigoth, I live to see that glorious day—the culmination of our history.

ALARIC.

Even if we are to perish ultimately at the hands of the Romans, another Gothic king and warrior shall rise to take my place, with honour. Our people shall never bow again to Roman subjugation.

HELDEBALD.

The people place their trust in thee, my king, to lead them to victory over the deceitful Romans.

ALARIC.

I am always grateful for their steadfast devotion—to the cause, and to me, their king.

(Heldebald bows before his king.)

HELDEBALD.

I am thy faithful servant and warrior, ready to carry out whatever thou commandest of me.

ALARIC.

I am well aware of thy loyalty, and I trust my men to fight gallantly by my side.

HELDEBALD.

May thee live a long life of glory, my king.

ALARIC.

We must now concentrate on avoiding weakness before the cunning Romans.

HELDEBALD.

How shall we achieve that, my king?

ALARIC.

By sacking Rome once more. This shall give the Romans the dreadful impression that we can dominate them at will. A lesson they shall not soon forget! They shall grant us our nation—by force, or by fear.

HELDEBALD.

Afterwards, the Romans shall surely seek vengeance upon us!

ALARIC.

I am fully aware of that eventuality—but I know how to make them understand.

HELDEBALD.

There is much about the Romans I fail to comprehend.

ALARIC.

I know them well enough to say—they are not what they once were. I, who was raised by them, shall repay their tutelage with blood and sacrifice.

HELDEBALD.

And how many men shall we gather to enter Rome?

ALARIC.

Enough to lay siege to the city and force the Roman Empire to kneel—before me, a mere Goth—as just punishment.

HELDEBALD.

Then it shall be, as thou hast foreseen.

ALARIC.

The days of bowing to mighty Rome are ended. Soon, they shall bow to us—the Goths, their rulers.

ACT II

SCENE I

At the imperial court of Ravenna.

A second senatorial emissary is sent; this time, Pope Innocent I and several papal guards arrive to persuade the Emperor to establish an immediate treaty with the Goths.

HONORIUS

When I was informed that the Pope had come to visit me, I was indeed surprised by this most unusual revelation.

POPE INNOCENT I

I believe thou art apprised of the principal motive of this visit.

HONORIUS

I believe I am, but if I have forgotten some detail, then pray disclose that pertinent information.

POPE INNOCENT I

I have come, not only on behalf of the Senate, but on behalf of the Church and the Roman people. My visit is not of a convivial nature.

HONORIUS

Since when hast thou become the advocate of the Senate’s members? And as for the Roman people, I am loved in Ravenna and loathed in Rome.

POPE INNOCENT I

If thou professest to me that thou hast no consideration for thy subjects in Rome, then I must enquire: hast thou no regard for the preservation of the Roman Empire which Theodosius, thy proud father, strove to maintain?

HONORIUS

How deferential thou art to the memory of my beloved father. Nevertheless, allow me to interject, with thy permission.

POPE INNOCENT I

Of course.

HONORIUS

I know the Goths well, as I know the growing reputation of Alaric. This same man, who calleth himself king of the Visigoths, betrayed my father unscrupulously. I blame this treacherous man for his death and for sending my poor brother Arcadius to an early grave. Canst thou then understand why I despise these haughty barbarians whom thou darest to defend before me?

POPE INNOCENT I

I have not come to defend these barbarians, but to defend thy subjects and the honour of Rome. Hast thou forgotten that it is dutiful to act righteously, in memory of our great Emperor Constantine?

HONORIUS

And hast thou forgotten that this man Alaric once demanded 288, 000 solidi, and threatened to invade Italy if he were denied? If I am not mistaken, this sum equates to the annual property revenue of a single senatorial family. Ask the Senator who came with thee.

DOMITIUS

That is accurate, Emperor. But I must remind thee that thy lavish banquets and feasts are funded by the patricians, of whom I am a distinguished member.

HONORIUS

Since when have the dignified members of the Senate not enjoyed these banquets and feasts at which thou hast been present on numerous occasions, Domitius?

DOMITIUS

Agreed. But whether I have enjoyed them or not is hardly relevant to the matter at hand.

HONORIUS

Ye, the members of the Senate, consider yourselves the elite patricians of the Empire.

POPE INNOCENT I

Gentlemen, must I remind ye of the urgent reason for our gathering today?

HONORIUS

Thou mayest proceed.

POPE INNOCENT I

I thank thee for that gracious gesture, Emperor.

HONORIUS

’Tis not often that the Pope visiteth me.

POPE INNOCENT I

All that is asked of thee is that thou refrain from provoking the Goths into war until we have sufficient men to defend the city.

HONORIUS

Art thou suggesting that we appease and acquiesce to the Goths’ every whim?

DOMITIUS

No one is making such a suggestion. We merely ask that thou grant us time to defend the city of Rome.

HONORIUS

And what shall I gain from this gesture of civility on my part?

POPE INNOCENT I

With all due respect, young Emperor—thine Empire!

SCENE II

At the imperial court of Ravenna.

The Emperor has been informed by one of his eunuchs, Junius, that Ataulf, Alaric’s brother-in-law, has crossed the Julian Alps with his Goths into Italy, intent on joining Alaric’s march on Rome. The Emperor is joined by Olympius.

JUNIUS

Forgive me, Emperor, for the intrusion, but I had to inform thee of this matter of urgency.

HONORIUS

Thou hast interrupted my leisure time for this mundane revelation?

JUNIUS

Nay, my noble Emperor. ’Twas not my intention. However, there is word amongst our spies that the Goths may ultimately march on Ravenna.

HONORIUS

Nonsense! The Goths are brutes, but not fools. They know that sacking Ravenna would accomplish nothing but invoke our lasting wrath.

OLYMPIUS

Perhaps the eunuch hath a point, Emperor.

The eunuch is excused. The Emperor remains alone with Olympius.

HONORIUS

Why should I care for the city of Rome or Mediolanum, for that matter?

OLYMPIUS

Because thou mayest meet the same fate as Gainas—with thine head sent as a gift to Alaric.

HONORIUS

Art thou serious, Olympius?

OLYMPIUS

That is a terrible possibility, Emperor.

HONORIUS

I shudder with immutable horror at such a dreadful thought. What dost thou suggest I do to prevent that eventuality?

OLYMPIUS

The unseemly behaviour of the Goths can be tamed.

HONORIUS

How, I should like to know, since most of them are not civil men, as we are?

OLYMPIUS

From what I understand of this Alaric, he is demanding a nation for his people. Let us make him believe he shall have it.

HONORIUS

He dareth to call himself the mighty king of the Visigoths.

OLYMPIUS

Then let us beguile him into continuing that belief.

HONORIUS

I had confided in Stilicho, and he betrayed me. If there is amongst the inflexible Goths a dignitary, then perchance it is Alaric.

OLYMPIUS

We cannot overlook the fact that he once served as a soldier, then a general, in the Roman army under thy father's rule.

HONORIUS

All I desire in the end is the complete submission of the Goths, since I cannot destroy them as I wish. War is all they understand!

OLYMPIUS

I agree—but let us not stain our hands with unnecessary blood when we have mercenaries to do our bidding.

HONORIUS

Whom dost thou have in mind?

OLYMPIUS

The Huns. They can subdue the insolence of the Goths.

HONORIUS

I shall ponder thy suggestion accordingly.

SCENE III.

Near the city of Pisa.

(Ataulf and Alaric discuss their new demands and established position.)

ALARIC.

We have gathered more men along our march to Rome. With thy warriors, we have amassed a great host to intimidate the Romans.

ATAULF.

The question is—shall it be enough to make them capitulate willingly to the demands we have indicated?

ALARIC.

I believe that if we display our strength in numbers, then the Emperor shall acquiesce. He would seem defiant, but Honorius is weak. Stilicho is no longer there to protect him.

ATAULF.

Then why do we not march on to Ravenna and dethrone him—or execute him?

ALARIC.

Though that coward deserveth such a fate, I cannot yet afford to kill him—not until I know what he is planning.

ATAULF.

Why not?

ALARIC.

Because he is but a puppet, easily manipulated. Were I to kill him, who would then ascend the throne in his place—someone we can trust? I dare not entrust any man with such singular power!

ATAULF.

Thou couldst replace him—as Emperor of the Roman Empire.

ALARIC.

I do not wish to be Emperor of the Roman Empire. I am King of the Visigoths, and naught more do I aspire to in rank or in life.

ATAULF.

But we shall require the aid of Rome's enemies to compel the Romans to comply and respect any treaties made.

ALARIC.

We must outwit Honorius, as we did the Eastern Emperor, Arcadius.

ATAULF.

How long, thinkest thou, before Emperor Honorius shall succumb to our demands?

ALARIC.

As long as it shall take! Once we have plundered Rome, he will no longer hesitate—for he will know the dire consequences to his empire.

ATAULF.

I agree—and we shall be there to persuade him, if necessary.

ALARIC.

The situation demandeth action. We shall greet the Romans in Rome—with a Gothic festivity they shall remember for generations.

(Alaric turns to address his warriors.)

ATAULF.

The men are inspired by thee, Alaric.

ALARIC.

Ye brave warriors of the Visigoths, I am honoured to serve thee and to be thy king. What we embark upon shall not end at Rome—instead, it shall mark a new beginning for our people.

I swear, as I stand before thee, that our kingdom shall not remain a vision, but shall become an attainable reality. Our cause shall not be in vain, nor shall the sacrifice of any who fall.

We are a glorious people, and generations of Visigoths shall remember our struggle for a homeland! We descend from the noble Balti dynasty of the Tervingian Goths!

ATAULF.

May the glory of thy kingdom be triumphant over thy foes, including the unworthy Romans!

ALARIC.

Long live the Visigoths!

ATAULF.

Long live Alaric!

(The men raise their voices in the same vociferous cry.)

SCENE IV.

The Hall of the Imperial Court of Honorius at Ravenna.

(The Emperor has replaced Olympius with Jovius as Praetorian Prefect of Italy. In a formal ceremony, Jovius is granted the title of Patrician and becomes the power behind the throne.)

HONORIUS.

Now that thou hast been formally granted this position, I expect thee to administrate the tedious affairs of the empire, Jovius.

JOVIUS.

I am grateful for the privilege thou hast afforded me. I shall not betray thy trust, noble Emperor.

HONORIUS.

I can imagine nothing more entertaining than to declare war on the Goths. The thought of Alaric’s head served to me on a silver platter is most pleasing.

JOVIUS.

Let us not get carried away by the details of their demise. Instead, we should concern ourselves, Emperor, with the defence of Ravenna and Rome.

HONORIUS.

Dost thou truly believe that Alaric is bold enough to march on Rome—and then Ravenna—with his band of barbarians he dareth call warriors?

JOVIUS.

Whether or not it is probable, we must act with caution in our decisions.

HONORIUS.

Thou mayest dwell upon such possibilities. I shall indulge myself in the luxuries of my birthright.

JOVIUS.

We shall convince the Huns that 'tis in their interest to fight against the Goths.

HONORIUS.

I entrust thee, Jovius, to deal with Alaric, for thou knowest him well. At the very least, delay his advance until we know more of his intentions.

JOVIUS.

Then dost thou intend to defend the city of Rome?

HONORIUS.

I could care less for Rome. I did send five legions from Dalmatia—six thousand men—under the command of Valens to garrison the city. But Valens failed me utterly. Now I shall send thee with an army to negotiate with the barbarians. Truly, all I care for is the utter elimination of the Goths. Let them ransack Rome and pilfer its wretched pelf—so long as we can encircle them and then annihilate them.

JOVIUS.

Let us drink to their final defeat!

HONORIUS.

Shortly—we shall toast to that and much more!

JOVIUS.

Aye!

HONORIUS.

Enough of this insipid conversation. Let the festivity continue!

JOVIUS.

I agree, Emperor!

HONORIUS.

The night is still young—far too young for the revels to end so promptly.

JOVIUS.

Shall I have more wine brought for the occasion, Emperor?

HONORIUS.

Aye! And more women as well! There is naught more wondrous than the beauty of wine accompanied by women!

JOVIUS.

Thy wish is my command.

HONORIUS.

Then let us toast—to victory!

SCENE V.

At the city of Ariminum, located on the Adriatic Sea.

Alaric arrives in Ariminum to meet Jovius and present his latest demands.

ALARIC.

Jovius, my old friend and comrade-in-arms.

JOVIUS.

Alaric, how I regret that we meet again under such unfortunate circumstances.

ALARIC.

We once fought beneath the same banner of the Roman Empire, yet that empire hath now turned its back on me and cast me aside like a hound rejected by its once-loving master.

JOVIUS.

Thou knowest full well the reason I have come to speak with thee in person.

ALARIC.

Thou hast been sent by Honorius.

JOVIUS.

Indeed! The Emperor hath sent me to learn the terms of thy demands. What is it thou requirest, Alaric?

ALARIC.

I demand yearly tribute in gold and grain, and lands in the provinces of Dalmatia, Noricum, and Venetia for my people.

JOVIUS.

I cannot, at this moment, guarantee that these demands shall be accepted by the Emperor.

ALARIC.

Then what canst thou offer me with any certainty?

JOVIUS.

I can offer thee a post in the Roman office of magister utriusque militiae.

ALARIC.

And how am I to place my trust in an Emperor who hath time and again betrayed my people with his false promises?

JOVIUS.

I claim not to have the answer to that, Alaric. I can only vouch for my own desire to bring an end to this strife between our peoples.

ALARIC.

And what assurance have I that I shall not meet the same grim fate as Stilicho, Turpilio, and Vigilantius?

JOVIUS.

It is simple, Alaric. Join us and become our rightful ally.

ALARIC.

And if I refuse?

JOVIUS.

Then thou shalt remain our foe. Wouldst thou not rather be our ally and help rule the world?

ALARIC.

The world? All I desire is a homeland for my weary people. Tell me, Jovius, is that too much for thy Emperor to grant?

JOVIUS.

I suppose not. Yet again I ask, is it not better to rule the world than govern a nation?

ALARIC.

Not when that world is ruled by tyrants who govern through selfish despotism! Go in peace and tell Honorius that we shall not cease in our struggle until we have a nation of our own.

JOVIUS.

Peace be with thee, Alaric. I shall inform the Emperor of thy demands upon my return. I pray our next meeting shall not be upon the field of battle, but for the making of peace.

ALARIC.

If that be not the case, Jovius, then know this: I shall count thee a foe, and no longer a friend!

SCENE VI.

At the Imperial Court in Ravenna.

The Emperor, with his courtiers, receives a private letter from Jovius informing him of Alaric's demands. He discusses its contents with his minister, Livianus.

LIVIANUS.

Judging by thy countenance, sire, thou seemest troubled.

HONORIUS.

When shall the Goths learn to act as civil men, and not as ungrateful barbarians?

LIVIANUS.

That I cannot answer, yet they shall be driven out of the Empire in time.

HONORIUS.

Of that I have no doubt, Livianus.

LIVIANUS.

If I may speak frankly, sire, I would not dwell too much upon the Goths. Their loyalty may be bought—if not with land, then with gold.

HONORIUS.

A grim declaration, yet one that reflects the truth of our burden.

LIVIANUS.

I dread the day that Ravenna may suffer the same fate as Rome.

HONORIUS.

Worry not. Unlike Rome, Ravenna is nigh impenetrable.

LIVIANUS.

Of that I am certain, my Emperor.

HONORIUS.

Enough of these filthy Goths! Bring me women to delight my eyes and goblets of wine to gladden my heart!

LIVIANUS.

As you command, sire.

(Livianus returns shortly with women and wine. He is then instructed to write a letter to Alaric.)

HONORIUS.

Livianus, before thou departest, I have need of thee to pen a letter addressed to the Visigoth King, Alaric.

LIVIANUS.

What would you have me write, my Emperor?

HONORIUS.

I shall dictate it word for word—and thou shalt write with neither omission nor embellishment.

(Once the letter is finished, Honorius gives further orders.)

HONORIUS.

See that a messenger delivers it to Jovius, who even now waits outside Ariminum for our reply.

LIVIANUS.

I shall have it sent forthwith, so that it may reach the praetorian prefect without delay.

HONORIUS.

The Goths shall have their answer—though it shall not please them.

LIVIANUS.

Shall you require aught else, sire?

HONORIUS.

Not for the present. Thou art dismissed.

LIVIANUS.

I shall take my leave and retire to my chambers.

HONORIUS.

And I shall feast—till nightfall.

ACT 3.

SCENE I.

In the camp of the Goths, near Ariminum.

Jovius has returned to Alaric’s camp, reading the letter sent by Honorius. Alaric receives him, believing Jovius has come to resume negotiations. He shall not be content with the emperor’s response.

ALARIC.

Am I to understand, then, that this is thine emperor’s final reply?

JOVIUS.

Hark, I cannot acknowledge this letter by the emperor as final. Thou art a statesman, Alaric, and thou knowest that nothing is ever final. If thou art willing to accept the emperor’s terms, then we might forge a new and lasting treaty between our peoples.

ALARIC.

He is willing to agree to the annual payment, yet refuseth to grant me command of the Roman army or to give us meaningful lands. Mark well my words: I am king of the Visigoths, not a mere warrior or statesman. Doth thine emperor think me an ignorant fool to be so easily beguiled?

JOVIUS.

What I think matters not, Alaric, but what doth matter is thy people. Dost thou desire to expose thy folk to a bloody war that shall bring them utter desolation and thee defeat? The outcome shall be ill-favoured to thy cause.

ALARIC.

Thy emperor knoweth naught of the immediate plight or concerns of my people. I know him well enough to say his bravery is mere diversion.

JOVIUS.

Wilt thou be so foolish as to lead them to absolute ruin and perdition?

ALARIC.

’Tis better to suffer such things than to endure lingering humiliation.

JOVIUS.

Then thou must prepare thyself, for the suffering of thy people cometh by thine own deeds.

ALARIC.

Tell the people of Rome that they shall suffer more, owing to the pride of their emperor.

JOVIUS.

What wilt thou achieve by the futile sacking of Rome?

ALARIC.

Honorius once consented to pay ransom after the first siege, and I shall make him yield to my demands anew!

JOVIUS.

Thou riskest the emperor’s vengeance with this insolence.

ALARIC.

Is that threat from thee or from thine emperor?

JOVIUS.

Alaric, once thou wert magister militum of Illyricum, a statesman.

ALARIC.

True enough! But that is past. I am now king of the Visigoths!

JOVIUS.

King or not, thou hast fought for Rome and the Empire, and now thou hast betrayed them as a traitor.

ALARIC.

I fought valiantly for the Empire when I was but an impetuous and naive mercenary. Now I am a king, and mine allegiance is to my people, not to Rome nor the Empire.

JOVIUS.

So swiftly hast thou changed thy allegiance, and so blindly wilt thou lead thy people into madness wrought by rage. Where, then, is thy kingdom, Alaric, mighty king of the Visigoths?

ALARIC.

Soon shall I call Italy my kingdom. We are no longer thy subjects! This time, I shall enter Rome beneath a triumphal arch, not Honorius.

JOVIUS.

If so, it shall be seen as an open act of war.

ALARIC.

Unlike at Pollentia and Verona, Stilicho shall not save Rome or the emperor this time.

JOVIUS.

Until we meet again, mine old friend and foreseen enemy.

SCENE II.

At the city of Ariminum.

Alaric has learned that Honorius seeks to recruit 10, 000 Huns to fight the Goths.

VIDERICK.

The Huns shall be ruthless against our people, slaughtering them without mercy, my king.

ALARIC.

I do not fear the Huns; they are mercenaries who fight for whoever pays them gold.

VIDERICK.

What shall we do next?

ALARIC.

We shall put pressure upon the emperor until he complies.

VIDERICK.

If he refuses, then what?

ALARIC.

Be patient, Viderick; the Roman emperor is no fool. Like his father and brother, he too hath a price.

VIDERICK.

We cannot disregard the possibility of the Huns’ presence in the Roman ranks.

ALARIC.

I have not dismissed their inclusion, but I have calculated that we must outsmart the Romans.

VIDERICK.

How dost thou hope to achieve that?

ALARIC.

I shall gather a group of Roman bishops and send them to Honorius with new terms. I no longer demand a Roman office or tribute in gold; I shall only ask for lands in Noricum for now.

VIDERICK.

Will the Roman emperor acquiesce to these demands?

ALARIC.

He shall have no choice once he realises we can lay siege to Ravenna.

VIDERICK.

I trust not this emperor; his actions are deceitful.

ALARIC.

I think I now understand whom I deal with in these negotiations.

VIDERICK.

How long must we wait for the emperor’s decision, my king?

ALARIC.

I cannot say precisely, but I hope he doth not delay.

VIDERICK.

If the emperor calls upon the Huns, we shall need more warriors to face them.

ALARIC.

Indeed. Yet we shall strike fear into the Romans before Honorius can act.

VIDERICK.

So, we shall strike Rome before the Huns strike us.

ALARIC.

That is the plan, and I am confident it shall not fail in part or in whole.

SCENE III.

At the Imperial Court at Ravenna.

Jovius has returned to Ravenna. Honorius rejects Alaric’s new demands and declares war upon Alaric and the Goths.

HONORIUS.

How doth Alaric dare to impose upon me yet more demands? ’Tis a blatant act of disrespect and disloyalty. I have grown weary of being deemed inferior to the Goths. I shall not be subservient to their needs nor merciful to them. Upon this day, I shall issue the proclamation of war against the Goths.

JOVIUS.

Art thou aware of what this sudden proclamation shall signify to the Goths, Emperor?

HONORIUS.

Indeed! Alaric hath been a burden to the Roman Empire. He dared to defy my father and my brother, but he shall not intimidate me any longer!

JOVIUS.

I know him well, and he cannot be easily manipulated. Rather, he can be persuaded. We must take calculated measures in our definite actions.

HONORIUS.

Rest assured, I shall deal with him accordingly. This declaration shall either antagonise him or compel him to surrender to me. I want him to kneel before me in total submission to mine authority.

JOVIUS.

I pledge to thee, my sovereign Emperor, that I shall defeat Alaric if he attempts to destroy the Empire.

HONORIUS.

I entrust thee with the army of the Roman Legions. I warn thee, Jovius, do not fail me, as Olympius did.

JOVIUS.

I swear I shall not fail thee, Emperor!

HONORIUS.

I cannot afford to dismiss the presence of the Senate, but the diminution of their influence might benefit me, should Rome be sacked by the Goths.

JOVIUS.

Then thou art prepared to permit the Goths to pillage Rome?

HONORIUS.

If I must grant Alaric the spoils of war, let it be Rome and not Ravenna.

JOVIUS.

And what of the army of the Huns?

HONORIUS.

The Huns shall tear the Goths to pieces and slaughter them.

JOVIUS.

If we cannot dissuade Alaric with the Huns, then we shall face them in the field and destroy them.

HONORIUS.

Do whatever thou must to defeat the Goths!

JOVIUS.

Aye, Emperor!

HONORIUS.

I am tired of this conversation. Thou art excused, Jovius.

Jovius bows in reverence and departs the court.

JOVIUS.

I shall keep thee informed, Emperor.

HONORIUS.

I shall be awaiting thy tidings.

JOVIUS.

Long live the Emperor!

SCENE IV.

Alaric sends a solemn embassy of the bishops of Rome, moderating his terms, but his dire warning is unheeded. He then hastily seizes the port of Ostia.

VIDERIC.

Ostia hath fallen, my king!

ALARIC.

Rome shall be the next city to fall under our control.

VIDERIC.

Shall I tell the men to march on to Rome?

ALARIC.

Nay! We shall rest and resume the march to Rome on the morrow.

VIDERIC.

I shall inform the men, and they shall be ready for the march to Rome!

ALARIC.

Let us rest and enjoy the spoils of Ostia this day.

VIDERIC.

The Romans underestimated our strength, my king.

ALARIC.

And our tenacity and will.

VIDERIC.

Hast thou thought on what we might encounter upon reaching the city of Rome?

ALARIC.

If ’tis as the previous time, then mine expectations are of weak resistance from the Romans.

VIDERIC.

And the Huns?

ALARIC.

We shall see if they have materialised, as Honorius hath threatened.

VIDERIC.

The Huns are not to be dismissed lightly. They are formidable opponents.

ALARIC.

On the contrary, I do not underestimate their capacity.

VIDERIC.

If we must advance upon Ravenna, then the men shall follow thee valiantly.

ALARIC.

Patience, Videric. First, there is Rome to pillage. Then, if need be, we shall conquer Ravenna!

VIDERIC.

And the rest of the Roman Empire!

ALARIC.

I care not for the Roman Empire. I care only for our kingdom.

VIDERIC.

Long live that kingdom!

ALARIC.

May we live to see the promising fruition of its dominion!

SCENE V.

At the gates of Rome, Attalus, the Prefect of the City, is invested with the imperial purple. It is the first time in nearly 800 years that Rome has fallen ingloriously, since it fell to the Gauls under their leader Brennus in 390 B.C.

Alaric compels the Senate to proclaim Attalus the new temporary emperor. Faced with the return of starvation and disease, the members of the Senate meet with Alaric.

ALARIC.

The legendary city of Rome hath fallen, and it hath, upon this day, a new emperor — the Emperor Attalus.

SENATOR.

I am Caelius, the highest-ranking member of the Senate, and I speak on behalf of its governing body.

ALARIC.

I demand to appoint one of mine own as emperor to rival Honorius. He shall instigate the election of the elder Priscus Attalus to that end — a pagan, who shall permit himself to be baptised.

CAELIUS.

Is that all thou demandest of us?

ALARIC.

I shall be made magister utriusque militiae, and my brother-in-law Ataulf shall be granted the post of comes domesticorum equitum in the new, rival government. Once this is accomplished, the siege shall be lifted thereafter.

CAELIUS.

If the members of the Senate grant thee these requests, how am I to know thou speakest the truth?

ALARIC.

Hitherto I promise thee nothing. Instead, I offer the people of Rome life. That is more than thy emperor hath promised mine own people, these many years.

CAELIUS.

And how do we know thou shalt not invade Rome again?

ALARIC.

Thou shalt not know. But I suggest that the people of Rome leave the city, just in case.

CAELIUS.

Wherefore?

ALARIC.

Because I shall not be so lenient — nor shall my men — the next time.

CAELIUS.

Am I to understand those words as a serious threat?

ALARIC.

Thou canst interpret them as thou pleasest. ’Tis not I who stands at a clear disadvantage, Senator.

CAELIUS.

Honorius shall not accept the usurper thou hast placed upon the throne.

ALARIC.

I do not believe he is presently in any position to do anything.

CAELIUS.

Thou shalt only enrage him further.

ALARIC.

We shall see whether Honorius is brave enough to meet me on the battlefield.

CAELIUS.

I do not know who is more brazen — Honorius or thee, Alaric.

ALARIC.

I wonder, if thou hadst to choose between me and the tyrant in Ravenna, whom wouldst thou choose, Senator?

CAELIUS.

Verily, I suppose if I were forced to choose, I would choose the lesser evil — without a doubt.

ACT IV

SCENE I

At the court of Heraclian, the governor of the province of Africa.

Heraclian has received tidings of the siege of Rome and the precarious status of the emperor. He discusses the matter with his minister, Vergilius.

HERACLIAN

'Twould seem that the tidings from Rome are not good.

VERGILIUS

The barbarians are not to be trusted, my lord.

HERACLIAN

Honorius must deal with the Goths, who are a race of twofold nature.

VERGILIUS

What dost thou mean by that argument?

HERACLIAN

What I mean is that the Goths are one day thine allies and the next, thy foes. As with all barbarians, their allegiance is questionable.

VERGILIUS

How doth one deal with such uncivil men of impropriety?

HERACLIAN

I have heard talk of this Alaric, the king of the Visigoths.

VERGILIUS

Can this one man be trusted in the end?

HERACLIAN

From what I know of him, he hath served the Roman Empire valiantly.

VERGILIUS

Wherefore hath he betrayed his allegiance to the emperor?

HERACLIAN

That is indeed an interesting question. However, I do not have the answer.

VERGILIUS

What dost thou intend to do, anent the current situation?

HERACLIAN

I shall send a messenger to the emperor in Ravenna, to offer my loyalty and assistance to him and the Roman Empire.

VERGILIUS

The emperor cannot be intimidated by these savage barbarians.

HERACLIAN

If the emperor doth request my assistance thereafter, I shall dispatch a pair of legions of my bravest soldiers.

VERGILIUS

What if Alaric be bold enough to march upon Ravenna, or even unto Africa?

HERACLIAN

If he be foolish, then we shall greet him upon the battlefield, as soldiers of war.

VERGILIUS

The Goths shall not dare to enter our lands imprudently.

HERACLIAN

We shall see what the intrepid Goths are capable of, with their unpredictable actions.

SCENE II

Near a city in Northern Italy, not far from Ravenna.

Attalus and Alaric march to Ravenna, compelling some cities in Northern Italy to submit to the authority of the usurper Attalus.

ALARIC

Honorius trembleth in total apprehension at the mere thought of our presence nigh.

ATTALUS

I imagine his manhood hath abandoned him, as he beholdeth the reality confronting him.

ALARIC

And Heraclian?

ATTALUS

Worry not. I have despatched a Roman force to subdue any possible involvement of his in the conflict.

ALARIC

We must be certain who are our allies and who are our enemies.

ATTALUS

Now is the hour to march upon Ravenna and murder Honorius!

ALARIC

Perhaps 'twould be better to let him live, and not die.

ATTALUS

I must strongly disagree, Alaric. Honorius is better off dead than alive.

ALARIC

I am patient enough to watch him plead for his life.

ATTALUS

He is desperate, and we must bring Honorius before us on his knees. He shall request urgent assistance from the Eastern Emperor, Theodosius II.

ALARIC

Theodosius II is in no condition to risk another invasion of mine into his fragile empire.

ATTALUS

With all due respect, we cannot dismiss his power and the legions of Roman soldiers under his command.

ALARIC

I shall address the issue of outsiders' involvement, regardless of their allegiance. For now, we shall rest and continue our march to Ravenna on the morrow.

ATTALUS

I hope the men are strong enough to reach Ravenna.

ALARIC

Be not concerned with the vigour of my men, for they are men of valour.

ATTALUS

Let us hope that their vigour and valour are accompanied by victory.

ALARIC

Shall we make a wager — whose men are braver upon the battlefield, thine or mine?

ATTALUS

I believe I shall accept that honest wager!

ALARIC

Then shalt thou wager thy noble title, as emperor?

ATTALUS

And what shalt thou wager?

ALARIC

My kingdom!

ATTALUS

Perhaps 'twould be wiser to concentrate on Honorius than on unnecessary bets.

SCENE III.

At the court of the Imperial Palace in Ravenna.

Honorius has been informed by Jovius of the sack of Rome, and that the armies of Alaric and Attalus are near Ravenna. At first, he is largely impervious to the danger and too incredulous, as he indulges in his debauchery without restraint.

HONORIUS.

What art thou saying, Jovius?

JOVIUS.

Rome has been sacked by Alaric and his warriors. But that is not the worst of it. He hath installed a new emperor in thy place—one Priscus Attalus, who now accompanieth Alaric.

HONORIUS.

Art thou jesting? For if so, it is in very poor taste! I am the sole emperor of the Western Empire. I shall not suffer the intrusion of this usurper.

JOVIUS.

I wish I were jesting, Emperor—but I am not.

Honorius’s expression changes from incredulity to manifest dread.

HONORIUS.

What am I to do?

JOVIUS.

Compose thyself, Emperor.

HONORIUS.

How can I, when the barbarians stand just outside Ravenna?

JOVIUS.

We shall defend thee, until the invaders are repelled.

HONORIUS.

I cannot depend on that—our numbers are too few. I must flee—to the province of Africa, or to Constantinople—until Alaric and this usurper are removed.

JOVIUS.

You might send me to speak with Attalus. I could attempt to reason with him.

HONORIUS.

Dost thou truly think he will heed thy words?

JOVIUS.

I shall try to persuade him that it is better to ally himself with thee, rather than with the Goths.

HONORIUS.

Do whatever thou must to convince him. Delay their advance if thou canst—do something!

JOVIUS.

Aye, Emperor.

HONORIUS.

Offer him, if need be, a share of the Western Empire. I must be left alone to consider mine options.

JOVIUS.

I shall depart at once to speak with Attalus in person.

HONORIUS.

Go—go to him at once, and do not return unless thou hast succeeded. If thou failest, do not come back, for I shall dismiss thee from my court.

JOVIUS.

I shall not fail thee, Emperor.

SCENE IV.

At the camp of Alaric and Attalus, outside Ravenna.

Jovius arrives at their camp and attempts to negotiate with Alaric and Attalus.

ALARIC.

Jovius, thou said that the next time we met it might be as enemies. Hast thou come to fight and be slain?

JOVIUS.

That depends entirely upon thine actions. But know this—I have come to speak with Attalus in private.

ALARIC.

Honorius sent thee, did he? I see he feareth me too much to come himself. Whatever he wisheth to negotiate, it must includeth me.

JOVIUS.

As a minister of the Emperor, I do only what I am commanded.

ATTALUS.

Alaric, let me speak with Jovius. Let us hear what he hath to say. Trust me—I shall not betray thee.

ALARIC.

Very well, but be brief.

ATTALUS.

That shall suffice.

JOVIUS.

Good. I believe we may resolve our differences as statesmen, not as savages.

Jovius speaks to Attalus about sharing rule of the Western Empire with Honorius.

JOVIUS.

Together, thee and the Emperor may rule these lands, if ye are willing.

ATTALUS.

And how am I to know I can trust Honorius?

JOVIUS.

That decision lies with thee.

ATTALUS.

Would it not be more advantageous if thou served under my command? Naturally, I would reward thee—and thou wouldst retain thy position as an adviser, in the court of a new emperor.

JOVIUS.

How could I betray my Emperor so cravenly?

ATTALUS.

Honorius shall soon be deposed—and thee, Jovius, are already a dead man.

JOVIUS.

What art thou implying?

ATTALUS.

Thine honourable Emperor has ordered thine execution.

JOVIUS.

Execution? Lies! I do not believe thee.

ATTALUS.

Wouldst thou believe it more readily from the mouth of a Roman eunuch?

JOVIUS.

A eunuch? Who is this man?

ATTALUS.

Thou knowest him well. He serves thine Emperor.

The eunuch enters, and Jovius is surprised.

JOVIUS.

Pomponius! What hast thou to do with this?

ATTALUS.

Everything, I believe. Speak, eunuch!

POMPONIUS.

Jovius, I overheard Emperor Honorius order a centurion, one Florentinus, to kill thee upon thy return.

JOVIUS.

And how am I to believe thee?

POMPONIUS.

Because I have the written order in mine hand.

The eunuch presents the letter bearing the seal of Emperor Honorius. Jovius is enraged and feels utterly betrayed. He suddenly offereth his service to Attalus and his cause.

JOVIUS.

That imbecile! I have served him loyally, and he ploteth to murder me! We ought to mutilate him in disgrace.

ATTALUS.

Not yet. Honorius shall serve our purposes—with the Eastern Empire.

JOVIUS.

I still think he would be better off dead—but thou art the Emperor now.

SCENE V.

At the camp of Alaric and Attalus.

Alaric hath been informed that Heraclian hath sent legions of Roman soldiers to confront them. Attalus shall go to Africa to confront the army of Heraclian.

ALARIC.

Beware of the burning deserts of Africa. The men of Heraclian are accustomed to that dry region of land.

ATTALUS.

I do not fear the men of Heraclian, nor the inhospitable landscape of Africa.

ALARIC.

Then may thy journey bring victory to thee and thy men!

ATTALUS.

I shall defeat Heraclian on the battlefield, if we ultimately meet thither, and I shall be victorious!

ALARIC.

I shall be waiting for thy return, Attalus, and expecting the head of Heraclian as thy reward.

ATTALUS.

I shall bring his head and sword back, as a triumphant trophy.

ALARIC.

Honorius shall be even more horrified, with the prospect of his head being the next detached.

ATTALUS.

The time for change hath begun.

ALARIC.

Aye! Rome was once impenetrable, but ’twas penetrated.

ATTALUS.

But Ravenna shall not be conquered that easily, due to its dreadful swamps and harsh climate.

ALARIC.

Nevertheless, it shall fall also, as Rome fell before!

ATTALUS.

We must take extreme precaution not to underestimate the forces from without, that could destroy our delicate plans.

ALARIC.

We shall deal with them when the time hath come.

ATTALUS.

And the Huns—why did they not participate?

ALARIC.

I suppose they were not interested in what Honorius had offered them in return for their service.

ATTALUS.

Thus, what are we to believe in what Honorius is scheming?

ALARIC.

Although Honorius is a young coward, he possesseth wit and influence.

ATTALUS.

But for how long shall it serve his purpose?

ALARIC.

Until he no longer hath control of his empire, or he is dead.

ATTALUS.

I go now, Alaric. May we see each other anon!

ALARIC.

May victory be thine!

ATTALUS.

And may Ravenna be thine!

SCENE VI.

At the Imperial Palace in Ravenna.

Four thousand Eastern Roman soldiers, led by their general Valerius, appear at the docks of Ravenna to defend the city from the hostile invasion. Honorius greeteth them in his court with relief.

HONORIUS.

Valerius, I am in debt to the Emperor Theodosius for sending his finest men to defend the heart of the Western Empire.

VALERIUS.

The Emperor was apprised of thy situation with the Goths and immediately sent us to assist thee in Ravenna.

HONORIUS.

Once more, welcome to my city of Ravenna!

VALERIUS.

We are honoured to be hither. What dost thou wish us to do for thee?

HONORIUS.

For now, I need thy men to defend the city.

VALERIUS.

Shalt thou be staying in Ravenna, or dost thou wish to depart the city, until we have defeated the Goths?

HONORIUS.

There is a usurper by the name of Attalus that I must deal with as well. I was told by an informant that the usurper hath headed towards the province of Africa.

VALERIUS.

Dost thou seek to murder this individual?

HONORIUS.

If necessary—but for the moment, I need thee to defeat Alaric, if he be audacious enough to attack the city. Then shalt thou hunt him down, like a wild dog!

VALERIUS.

I do not know if ’tis wise to chase him, Emperor, since we could lose many men in the pursuit.

HONORIUS.

I shall heed thy words of reason for now. However, I shall not tolerate the usurper and Alaric for long.

VALERIUS.

We shall wait to see what action the Goths undertake.

HONORIUS.

We must impose our numbers in strength, against the Goths with sheer intimidation.

VALERIUS.

We shall reduce their furore and bravura amain.

HONORIUS.

Excellent! Do what must be done anon!

VALERIUS.

Aye, Emperor!

HONORIUS.

I shall retire to my chamber, until I have received tidings of the Goths.

VALERIUS.

I shall leave thee and prepare for the Goths!

HONORIUS.

I shall expect to hear the defeat of the barbarians.

VALERIUS.

Let the lesson be taught to the Goths, that we are Romans!

HONORIUS.

The Empire was once feared by all barbarians, but these men have lost this embedded fear. They fear us no longer, Valerius!

VALERIUS.

We shall make them fear us again, Emperor!

ACT V.

SCENE I.

At the camp of Alaric, outside Ravenna.

Alaric has received terrible tidings that Heraclian has soundly defeated Attalus’ forces.

VIDERIC.

My king, there is urgent tidings—the defeat of Attalus and his men by the forces of Heraclian.

ALARIC.

How did this come to pass?

VIDERIC.

I know not!

JOVIUS.

Surely Heraclian was accompanied by multitudes. He must have been forewarned of Attalus’ advance to Africa by that wretched Honorius.

ALARIC.

Until we know the true fate of Attalus, we must bide our time.

JOVIUS.

Even if he yet liveth, Heraclian’s forces shall march upon Ravenna. With the Roman soldiers sent from Constantinople, they present a formidable foe. ’Twould be suicide to attempt an assault upon Ravenna.

ALARIC.

I have reached the same conclusion. Yet, there must be another way to render Honorius powerless.

JOVIUS.

I must differ from that notion, Alaric.

ALARIC.

What dost thou mean?

JOVIUS.

If we render Honorius powerless, another tyrant shall rise to take his place—and he could prove worse than Honorius.

ALARIC.

That remaineth to be seen!

VIDERIC.

What shall be our next course of action, my king?

ALARIC.

I must learn the fate of Attalus ere I make any prudent decision.

VIDERIC.

Shalt thou send a messenger to Africa?

ALARIC.

I had thought to wait, but perchance ’twould be better to send Gothic warriors to invade the province and secure it.

JOVIUS.

But is it wise to risk our current advantage?

ALARIC.

What art thou implying?

JOVIUS.

A prolonged war with foes beyond the Western Empire would bring certain defeat.

ALARIC.

Then we shall await word of Attalus’ fate—and prepare for war with Honorius.

JOVIUS.

Let us not forget his new, powerful allies.

SCENE II.

At the city of Ariminum.

Alaric abandons his raid on Ravenna and returns to Ariminum. He learns from one of the survivors of Attalus’ army that Attalus refused aid from the Goths and has betrayed Alaric’s authority. Attalus lives and has returned.

Counselled by Jovius to depose the usurper emperor, Alaric summons Attalus to Ariminum and ceremonially strips him of his imperial regalia and title. Attalus is allowed to flee. Alaric then decides to reopen negotiations with Honorius.

ALARIC.

Verily, how can I entrust the fate of mine own people to a man who selleth himself to the highest bidder?

JOVIUS.

Attalus was never to be trusted from the outset—his allegiance was ever to his crown, never to his allies.

ALARIC.

How am I to know that thou shalt not betray me, Jovius, since thine allegiance was once to Attalus? Dost thou serve me—or the Roman Empire?

JOVIUS.

Behold, Alaric—I am here! Is not mine own presence proof enough of my loyalty to thee?

ALARIC.

I swear, if thou betrayest me, I shall take thy life with mine own hands.

JOVIUS.

I have told thee—I serve thee now! Besides, Honorius would surely slay me, should I return to Ravenna.

ALARIC.

Good. Let us then turn to the matter of negotiation.

JOVIUS.

We must send a messenger to Ravenna, to speak with Honorius regarding terms.

ALARIC.

I concur.

JOVIUS.

I shall despatch the messenger forthwith.

ALARIC.

Aye. Honorius must know our resolve.

JOVIUS.

We must show no weakness to the emperor.

ALARIC.

Never! One thing I promise thee—my people shall have their kingdom, come what may.

JOVIUS.

Honorius shall not so easily yield to such demands.

ALARIC.

Then I shall compel him to yield—by force, if necessary!

JOVIUS.

Let us hope we need not attack Ravenna blindly.

ALARIC.

I know Honorius well enough to tame his pride—and stir his fear.

JOVIUS.

How, if I may ask?

ALARIC.

Soon thou shalt know—through mine actions.

JOVIUS.

Be not rash, Alaric. One misstep could doom us all.

ALARIC.

I shall not rest until Honorius bends to my will. But make no mistake—I shall not act in folly.

SCENE III.

At the court of the Imperial Palace in Ravenna.

Honorius has received the messenger of Alaric and deceives him, by telling him that he shall meet him near Ravenna for the negotiations, when he is deliberately planning on killing Alaric. He then converses with his minister, Livianus.

HONORIUS.

Alaric hath dared to defy me continually. Doth he think to outwit me so brazenly?

LIVIANUS.

Emperor, Alaric’s desperation shall lead to his eventual downfall.

HONORIUS.

He hath been an unwelcome thorn in my side for several years. But that shall end soon!

LIVIANUS.

What art thou scheming, mine emperor?

HONORIUS.

I have despatched a small force of Roman soldiers to accompany the men of Sarus. Together, they shall ambush and slay Alaric. I would prefer to have him brought before me, so that he might bow ere his execution, but if not—then his murder shall suffice.

LIVIANUS.

Canst thou place thy confidence in a barbarian, truly?

HONORIUS.

Nay—but he shall serve my purpose of ridding me of Alaric. His hatred for the man is enough to compel the deed.

LIVIANUS.

And what shall come thereafter, if Sarus be declared king of the Visigoths?

HONORIUS.

I shall deal with him according to the treaty agreed.

LIVIANUS.

Shalt thou murder him too?

HONORIUS.

We shall see—if he be able to kill Alaric, he must first prove himself worthy of that noble title.

LIVIANUS.

And if he faileth, or perisheth upon the battlefield?

HONORIUS.

Then I have removed a potential threat who would otherwise burden me needlessly.

LIVIANUS.

Alaric shall seek revenge upon thee, should he survive and defeat Sarus.

HONORIUS.

I am well aware of that possibility. Nevertheless, I am sore weary of his presence—each day he liveth, I am burdened more.

LIVIANUS.

We must be prepared for that ominous possibility, should it come to pass.

HONORIUS.

I shall take such measures as are needed to defend Ravenna.

LIVIANUS.

Thou art a clever young emperor, who hath learnt swiftly the affairs of the Empire. I admire thy resolve.

HONORIUS.

For that, I must credit my late father—and Stilicho, who, though he betrayed me, had guided mine early rule with great effectiveness.

SCENE IV.

Outside the city of Ravenna.

Honorius has arranged for a meeting with Alaric, about twelve kilometres from the city. As Alaric waits at the meeting place, Sarus, a sworn enemy of Ataulf and presently allied with Honorius, attacks Alaric and his men, accompanied by a small Roman force.

Alaric survives the attack and, outraged by this treachery and weary of Honorius’ past failures and betrayals, abandons further negotiation and contemplates sacking Rome anew.

ALARIC.

I can no longer trust that conniving Honorius!

VIDERIC.

Sarus hath sworn allegiance to him, my king.

ALARIC.

I shall deal with Sarus—once I have dealt with Honorius.

VIDERIC.

What course shall we now take?

ALARIC.

If Honorius denieth our demands, then we march once more to Rome and lay siege to it.

VIDERIC.

And what shall we gain by taking Rome again?

ALARIC.

This time, we shall leave behind an indelible mark—one the Empire shall not soon forget. We shall deprive the emperor of his remaining treasures.

VIDERIC.

But shall we prevail, if we have failed to convince him ere this?

ALARIC.

Mark me—he shall give us our land, or we shall march upon Ravenna itself and reduce it to rubble.

VIDERIC.

And if there lieth a trap awaiting us?

ALARIC.

Dost thou mean another hidden ambuscade?

VIDERIC.

Aye, my king. Naught could be more ruinous to our cause than to be struck down by Honorius’ forces.

ALARIC.

Perhaps—but I count on Honorius to care not for Rome, and to leave it only token resistance.

VIDERIC.

What if thou art mistaken, and he hath stationed a great force there?

ALARIC.

I believe not that he hath.

VIDERIC.

But should he have done so, we walk straight into another deadly ambush, I fear.

ALARIC.

Then I shall send forth a handful of our brave warriors to reconnoitre the city.

VIDERIC.

’Tis a wise decision—for we are no longer certain what to expect of the Romans.

ALARIC.

Let us then begin our preparations for the march on Rome.

VIDERIC.

I shall inform the men of thy will, my king.

SCENE V.

At the city of Rome.

Alaric’s men have returned and inform him that the city is practically defenceless.

On 24 August, 410, the Visigoths enter Rome through the Salarian Gate—some say by treachery, others by starvation—and proceed to pillage the city for three days. They ransack many of the city’s great buildings, including the mausoleums of Augustus and Hadrian, where numerous Roman Emperors had been laid to rest. The ashes in the urns of both tombs are scattered. Any and all portable goods are looted from across the city, as panic and consternation seize the populace. The Gardens of Sallust are set ablaze and never rebuilt. The Basilica Aemilia and the Basilica Julia are likewise reduced to rubble. The citizens are devastated. Countless Romans are taken captive, including the Emperor’s sister, Galla Placidia. Some are ransomed, others sold into slavery, raped, or slain. Horrified members of the Senate seek refuge along with other notable patricians in the basilica of the apostle Peter, hiding from the wrath of the Visigoths. The Visigoths find them and force open the basilica’s doors with brutal strength. Caelius, a senior member of the Senate, addresses Alaric, who enters last.

CAELIUS.

How darest thou enter the sacred house of Peter! Hast thou no respect for the dead amongst the living?

ALARIC.

mocking, turning to his men

Respect?

The noble Romans seem to have forgotten the meaning of that word when applied to us bilewit Goths!

HILARIUS.

What is it thou wantest, Alaric? Take what thou pleasest—but spare the lives of our men, women, and children!

ALARIC

to his men, sarcastically

Behold the bravery of the highborn Romans! They plead like cowards—like Rufinus, Arcadius, and Honorius!

CAELIUS.

Hast thou not yet satisfied thy whims, Alaric? We who are present are not thine enemies. Go and seek thy true foe in Ravenna. We no longer speak for Rome. 'Tis Honorius to whom thou must address thy grievances and differences.

HILARIUS.

Art thou not the king of the Visigoths?

ALARIC.

Aye! I am king of the mighty Visigoths!

HILARIUS.

Then why dost thou terrorise us and the city of Rome, when our voices were silenced by Honorius without cause?

ALARIC.

Because Rome is the symbol of the Roman Empire!

CAELIUS.

That was centuries ago, when our forefathers built this great city of the empire.

ALARIC.

Then I shall burn it to shame them, for they have shamed my people in bondage!

Galla Placidia, sister of Emperor Honorius, speaks.

GALLA PLACIDIA.

Are ye truly barbarians, that ye must impose thy selfish manhood upon us?

ALARIC.

Galla Placidia. We meet again! How ironic that thou callest us barbarians, when it was thou who consented with the Roman Senate to execute Serena—the former wife of the proscribed Stilicho and cousin to thy brother. Hast thou forgotten that Serena was then strangled to death? Thou art no different than the corrupted members of the Senate. Thou shall be my slave!

GALLA PLACIDIA.

I am not thy property—I am the sister of the Emperor! How darest thou treat me like a common slave!

Pelagius, a Roman monk from Britain, steps forth.

PELAGIUS.

This dreadful calamity is over, and thou art witness to how Rome, who once commanded the world, stood astonished at the sound of the Gothic trumpet, as thou breached her walls. Look at us now! Where are the privileges of birth, the distinctions of quality? All ranks were levelled then, all thrust together without order. Each house is a scene of misery, filled equally with grief and confusion. Slave and noble alike suffer the same terrors of death and slaughter—though perhaps those with more to lose fear death the most.

We are the living. I make no presumption, only a plea: show civility and respect this sacred house of worship. Leave Rome and end this madness at once!

Alaric is visibly moved by the monk’s plea.

ALARIC.

As for the members of the Senate and the rest—thou shalt be spared. My vengeance is not upon thee, but upon Honorius.

CAELIUS.

We are grateful, though we both know thine hatred for Rome is rooted deep, from thy very youth, Alaric.

ALARIC.

Indeed. Thou art fortunate that mine heart is merciful and that I am not truly wroth this day. Else, I would have let my men raze this Rome of the empire to the ground.

PELAGIUS.

Then depart, and return no more—for thy soul’s sake, and for fear of the wrath of God!

ALARIC.

The wrath of God, monk? Next time we return to Rome, it shall not be to plunder, but to obliterate!

HILARIUS.

Forgive the monk’s hasty words. He is a visitor from Britain and not familiar with thy ways.

ALARIC.

Naturally. Yet this man who stands before me has more courage than any of ye Senators.

CAELIUS.

We Senators are but statesmen—as he is but a monk.

ALARIC.

We leave now—but what we leave behind is the ruin of Rome, a token of our might, and a message to thine Emperor Honorius.

SCENE VI.

At the court of the Imperial Palace at Ravenna.

Honorius, in Ravenna, is initially stunned when he receives a message from one of the eunuchs, apparently believing that his pet bird named Rome had perished.

EUNUCH.

Rome has perished, mine emperor!

HONORIUS.

But he hath just eaten from mine hands! He is a very large fowl—Rome by name.

EUNUCH.

No, Emperor! 'Twas the city of Rome that hath perished at the hands of the barbarian Alaric!

HONORIUS.

Oh...I thought my bird Rome had died!

The eunuchs and ministers are aghast at the Emperor’s callous response.

EUNUCH.

I fear the emperor has lost touch with reality—and may be going mad, Minister.

LIVIANUS.

So do I. But that is precisely why we must guide him—not for his sake, but for the sake of the Roman Empire.

EUNUCH.

Can his ego be reasoned with, enough to guide him?

LIVIANUS.

That remains to be seen. Still, I’ve an odd feeling that everything shall return to what it once was.

EUNUCH.

What dost thou mean by that, Minister?

LIVIANUS.

I’m not quite sure myself.

EUNUCH.

And Alaric and the Goths? They shall not go away quietly. What will become of them?

LIVIANUS.

Time shall tell whether they are favoured or lost in the annals of history.

EUNUCH.

And what of the Empire?

LIVIANUS.

So long as Alaric lives, he shall remain a threat to the Empire—and to the Emperor.

EUNUCH.

And if he dieth or is slain?

LIVIANUS.

Then the powerful Goths shall be a menace no more.

EUNUCH.

Let us hope, for Ravenna’s sake, that he never cometh.

LIVIANUS.

And if he doth, we shall be ready.

EUNUCH.

And Rome itself—what shall become of it?

LIVIANUS.

Rome shall either endure, or be forever changed.

After three days of looting and pillaging, Alaric quickly departed Rome and headed south, continuing his campaign through Campania, Lucania, and Calabria. Later that same year, Alaric, mighty King of the Visigoths, died of illness in Consentia. Legend tells that he was buried with his treasure beneath the Busento River, and the slaves who carried out the burial were slain to preserve the secret. Ataulf, his brother-in-law, was elected the new king. The Visigoths then moved north into Gaul. In 414, Ataulf married Galla Placidia, but he died a year later. By 418, the Visigoths had established the Visigothic Kingdom in southwestern Gaul. In 451, they would fight alongside the Western Roman Empire against Attila the Hun at the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains.

End Of Play.